Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Income Taxes

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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The following table includes the Company’s income (loss) before income tax provision (benefit), income tax provision (benefit) and effective tax rate:
  Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended
  September 30, September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
Income (loss) before income tax provision (benefit) $ 2,820  $ (9,941) $ (10,499) $ (52,210)
Income tax provision (benefit) 497  (6,977) (161) (31,591)
Effective tax rate 17.6  % 70.2  % 1.5  % 60.5  %
 For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate primarily due to the change in the valuation allowance the Company has placed on a portion of its US deferred tax assets and the impact of state and local taxes, partially offset by permanent book-tax differences, the windfall from stock-based compensation, the impact of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) related to net operating loss carryback, and federal and state research and development (“R&D”) credits.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company's effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate primarily due to the windfall from stock-based compensation, the executive compensation deduction limitation, additional accruals for uncertain tax positions and differences between the foreign tax rates and statutory US tax rate.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company's effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate primarily due to the release of the Company's valuation allowance of $21,907 as a result of additional deferred tax liabilities recorded from the PIEtech acquisition, the windfall from stock-based compensation, federal and state R&D credits and additional accruals for uncertain tax positions.

The Company's total gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest and penalties, was $20,782 and $18,939 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Of this amount, a portion of the unrecognized tax benefits was recorded as a reduction of deferred tax assets instead of a non-current liability. The portion of the unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest and penalties, recorded as a non-current liability was $7,149 and $6,504 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
 
At September 30, 2020, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, that would benefit the Company's effective tax rate, if recognized, was $15,683. The Company estimates that the liability for unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by $10,690 in the next twelve months as it is anticipated that reviews by tax authorities will be completed.

The Company recognizes potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. These amounts were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The Company had accrued interest and penalties of $8,773 and $7,336 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.